nginx rewrite 伪静态配置参数和使用例子 附正则使用说明
正则表达式匹配，其中：
- * ~ 为区分大小写匹配
- * ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
- * !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配
文件及目录匹配，其中：
- * -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
- * -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
- * -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
- * -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行
flag标记有：
- * last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成rewrite
- * break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
- * redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
- * permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
一些可用的全局变量有，可以用做条件判断(待补全)
- $args
- $content_length
- $content_type
- $document_root
- $document_uri
- $host
- $http_user_agent
- $http_cookie
- $limit_rate
- $request_body_file
- $request_method
- $remote_addr
- $remote_port
- $remote_user
- $request_filename
- $request_uri
- $query_string
- $scheme
- $server_protocol
- $server_addr
- $server_name
- $server_port
- $uri
结合QeePHP的例子
- if (!-d $request_filename) {
- rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
- rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
- break;
多目录转成参数 abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
- if ($host ~* (.*)\.domain\.com) {
- set $sub_name $1;
- rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
- }
目录对换 /123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
- rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：
- if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
- rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
- }
目录自动加“/”
- if (-d $request_filename){
- rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
- }
禁止htaccess
- location ~/\.ht {
- deny all;
- }
禁止多个目录
- location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
- deny all;
- break;
- }
禁止以/data开头的文件 可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
- location ~ ^/data {
- deny all;
- }
禁止单个目录 不能禁止.log.txt能请求
- location /searchword/cron/ {
- deny all;
- }
禁止单个文件
- location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
- deny all;
- }
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间; 这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
- location ~(favicon.ico) {
- log_not_found off;
- expires 99d;
- break;
- }
- location ~(robots.txt) {
- log_not_found off;
- expires 7d;
- break;
- }
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志
- location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
- access_log off;
- root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
- expires 600;
- break;
- }
文件反盗链并设置过期时间 这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求 “rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片 “access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力 “expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
- location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
- valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
- if ($invalid_referer) {
- rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
- return 412;
- break;
- }
- access_log off;
- root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
- expires 3d;
- break;
- }
只充许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码
- root /opt/htdocs/www;
- allow 208.97.167.194;
- allow 222.33.1.2;
- allow 231.152.49.4;
- deny all;
- auth_basic “C1G_ADMIN”;
- auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果 /job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
- rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录 如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/ 如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
- rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
- rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
- rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用， 如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯 (-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果
- if (-d $request_filename){
- rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
- }
知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧
- rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
- rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：
- if (!-e $request_filename) {
- proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
- }
域名跳转
- server
- {
- listen 80;
- server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
- index index.html index.htm index.php;
- root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
- rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
- access_log off;
- }
多域名转向
- server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
- index index.html index.htm index.php;
- root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
- if ($host ~ “c1gstudio\.net”) {
- rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
- }
三级域名跳转
- if ($http_host ~* “^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$”) {
- rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
- break;
- }
域名镜向
- server
- {
- listen 80;
- server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
- index index.html index.htm index.php;
- root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
- rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
- access_log off;
- }
某个子目录作镜向
- location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
- rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
- break;
- }
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
- rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
- rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last;
- rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
- rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
- rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
- rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last;
- rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
- rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
- rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给discuz某版块单独配置域名
- server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
- location = / {
- if ($http_host ~ news\.c1gstudio.com$) {
- rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
- break;
- }
- }
discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化
- location ^~ /ucenter {
- location ~ .*\.php?$
- {
- #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
- fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
- fastcgi_index index.php;
- include fcgi.conf;
- }
- location /ucenter/data/avatar {
- log_not_found off;
- access_log off;
- location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ {
- error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
- }
- location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ {
- error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
- }
- location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ {
- error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
- }
- expires 300;
- break;
- }
- }
jspace rewrite
- location ~ .*\.php?$
- {
- #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
- fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
- fastcgi_index index.php;
- include fcgi.conf;
- }
- location ~* ^/index.php/
- {
- rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
- fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
- fastcgi_index index.php;
- include fcgi.conf;
- }